Strategic Planning Process

Question: You are the Program Manager and liable for the coordination of all exercises which happen in a program. This might be a social work program, nursing care program, word related or physiotherapy program, and so on. Principally put together with a concentration with respect to either the matured consideration division or inability wellbeing services.Briefly describethe vital arranging procedure and how you would utilize this to advance the points and results of the program. Distinguish key announcing apparatuses of value the executives which might be applied all through the procedure, likewise think about the continuous objectives of the program. How might you characterize the connection between quality appraisal and execution revealing inside your program? Is it accurate to say that they are interrelated? Depict both conceivable constructive and antagonistic outcomes.What do you accept to be the best method of guaranteeing individuals inside your association accomplish the objectives s et for them? Think about training, acknowledgment of abilities and capabilities, likewise in what manner will this influence the remainder of the association overall? Answer: The Falls Management Program incorporates double essential weaving machines towards the board of the falls just as wounds. The inception will be through an extremely unconstrained reaction towards inhabitants that fall. At the point when any fall happens, cautious assessment just as examination, with prompt intercession while starting 24 hours, could help perceive chance in addition to try and forestall any future episodes. Second loom will be for quite some time run the executives. In this methodology, screening at the hour of affirmation, quarterly, yearly s well as modifications of circumstances are indispensable towards distinguishing occupants at higher danger of the fall (Bloodgood 2007). In both the weaving machines, appropriate far reaching falls assessment should likewise be utilized towards creating element care plan interruption. Staff will screen just as oversee inhabitants answer, and make appropriate consideration arrangement revaluations at whatever point required. Whi le both the methodologies will be crucial towards a total program, trouble upon staff inside terms of upgraded time just as desk work on account of the higher amount of occupant falls additionally is huge. Civilities which ace fall reaction strategy could move from the emergency the board towards proactive diminishing of the fall chance just as related wounds Program objective and foundation The FMP will be proper interdisciplinary quality upgrade activity. Such a program will be appropriately and explicitly structured towards helping the nursing offices and furthermore providing individualized, individual situated consideration, just as enlightening their all out consideration for fall forms in addition to results by means of instructive just as quality improvement devices ('Defining And Developing Competence: A Strategic Process Paradigm' 1995). For what reason is this noteworthy? It is an imperative inquiry and has a few answers: Falls are general inside nursing offices. From 1.6 million occupants in the U.S. nursing enhancements, generally half fall yearly. Around 1 inside 3 of the ones who fall would fall two in any case more occasions inside a year.Falls every now and again have grave results, especially in feeble more established inhabitants. The Fall-situated wounds reduce inhabitants prevalence of life also over ability towards work. Occupants that fall with no injury constantly build up a dismay of falling which leads towards self-constrained confinement of activities. One in every 10 occupants that fall has intense related injury just as somewhere in the range of 65,000 patients likewise endure a modish break each year. There are a few negative aftereffects of these falls.Falls in all actuality are an essential security concern planned for all nursing civilities. Wounds that are a consequence of falls are additionally significant foundations for some claims nearby offices just as staff that could like wise result inside loss of the huge measure of cash just as higher reimbursement premiums. There exist numerous likely ramifications for amenities.Several nursing conveniences convey proposals programs in legitimate spot, yet distinguish that there are consistently spaces for improvement and development. While few out of every odd fall and injury could be prohibited, it is additionally basic to convey a precise procedure for evaluation, obstruction and checking which results inside limiting all the dangers of fall.FMP would likewise help office representatives to perceive and referee, at whatever point conceivable, upon the standard reasons for the falls. Falls among nursing home occupants are as a general rule result of the blend of hazard components, both inherent just as outward. In spite of the fact that characteristic hazard components like age-connected changes in addition to ceaseless maladies can never be killed, they could be controlled in appropriate route towards diminishing inhabitants risk of falling. The Medical organization of both intense just as ceaseless circumstances could be improved by means of fitting appraisal and appropriate treatment. Hazard factors that are Extrinsic could likewise be addressed towards improve security inside condition in addition to likewise during utilization of instruments and supplies. Announcing devices for better quality administration FMP Self-assessment instrument will be utilized in the program and this would empower representatives to perceive qualities just as shortcomings inside primary regions. It should likewise be finished before inception of the program for better advancement of an office itemized plan planned for execution of the program (Dring 2007). This self-appraisal should likewise be closed after the program usage towards assessing progress just as distinguishing further improvement in the process prerequisites. In demanding, finishing graph review section of self-appraisal periodical would likewise assist with distinguishing all the consideration forms like screening, assessment, care arranging, just as observing that will be performed and perceived enough alongside need redesigning. This part will likewise incorporate significant fields of documentation that are important to copy usage of most phenomenal practices just as will likewise advance positive results all through overview in any case at time of prosecution. Following Record expected for Improving the Patient Safety (TRIPS) likewise will be utilized as a technique in FMP towards detailing all types of falls and furthermore the advancement of the arrangement and the program. The Centers planned for Medicare just as Medicaid Services clarification of the reportable fall involves the accompanying Full scene where specific occupant has lost their equalization just as may have fallen, that were not for any staff intercession, additionally is said as a fall. In some different words, blocked fall additionally is a fall.The participation or nonappearance of a following physical issue is never a factor inside meaning of any fall. Indeed, even a fall without injury is considered as a fall (Gustafsson 1997).When any inhabitant is seen on floor, office is constrained to research in addition to try and attempt to perceive the manner by which he/she went there, notwithstanding instituting appropriate intercession towards forestalling this kind of happening whenever once more. Except if and until there is confirmation proposing, most intelligent end is that fall has really happened. Connection in the midst of value evaluation in addition to execution detailing On the off chance that any fall circumstance isn't researched on time of event, it is extra hard to assemble occasion notwithstanding deciding sorts of hazard that were available in the circumstance that has just happened. Indeed, even while an inhabitant is found on floor after an unrecognized fall, straight consideration staff could utilize their insight just as experience of occupant towards making taught surmises based on the proof (Foster 2014). Appropriate reaction of the obscure should likewise once in a while be acknowledged through medical caretaker supervisor at the hour of examination of the fall. Powerful WAY TO ENSURE PEOPLE IN THE Organization TO ACHIEVE GOALS THAT ARE POSITIONED FOR THEM Following Record expected for Improving the Patient Safety which is additionally called TRIPS will be the technique that will be utilized inside FMP towards revealing all types of falls. Outings structure will be separated in two portions. Segment A which will incorporate general inhabitants data and information forms for documentation inside clinical record just as warning of essential consideration provider in addition to their family. Area B will involve questions with respect to conditions, worker reaction just as inhabitant in addition to likewise mind results (Kirby 2010). Medical attendant Manager on the job at time of fall should likewise finish TRIPS structure. Following the conversation with included straight consideration staff, medical caretaker will be approached to use his/her insight just as experience in addition to abilities of inhabitant towards assembling indications so the obscure is used carefully, on the off chance that it is ever utilized. This structure will b e next checked by Falls Nurse chief of nursing in addition to any missing information like crisis space visits, emergency clinic induction, x-beam results in any case extra tests that are clinical will be included at some later time. Results of Falls assessment, with orders in addition to proposals, should likewise be used by interdisciplinary gathering towards building up a total just as appropriate consideration plan expected to the falls inside some 1-7 days following the fall. Fall impedance Plan will likewise be utilized by Falls Nurse director as legitimate worksheet in addition to towards recording last intercessions picked for inhabitant. Intercessions recorded upon this structure likewise will be assembled inside same five risk territories worn for Falls assessment. Additionally a legitimate duplicate of plan for Fall Interventions will be provided. Regularly boss consideration plan won't involve a particular adequate detail towards successfully diminishing the danger of th e fall. Safe and made sure about footwear will likewise be an excellent occasion of a mediation oftentimes found on the consideration plan. Yet in addition to keep individuals from falls, workers must comprehend which of occupants shoes are secure and safe. This period of the detail only accompanies the forefront worker contribution towards individualizing care plan (Campbell 2006). Plan for Fall Interventions will likewise incorporate such lev

Paper on Abuse Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper on Abuse Reporting - Essay Example This paper will flexibly a diagram of the youngster detailing laws of the province of California. This paper will additionally talk about these laws comparable to my contemplations on privacy and the obligation to shield others from hurt. It will allude to moral gauges of human assistance s experts and different codes of morals. The Office of Child Abuse and Prevention under the California Department of Social Services, is liable for executing the youngster misuse and disregard revealing law. As indicated by a Summit (1983), California instituted its first kid misuse revealing law in 1963. Prior laws ordered that physical maltreatment should just be accounted for by doctors. The meaning of youngster misuse has anyway been extended by the various revisions that have been occurring throughout the years. Laws have additionally explained the methodology for detailing different classes of kid misuse (Summit, 1983). In California, there are sure experts who are required to report known cases or associated cases with youngster misuse. In any case, different residents who are not legally necessary to do so may likewise be permitted to do as such. Commanded reports and professionals should in this manner be kept refreshed on changes made to these laws every now and then so they can be very much educated on what is expected of them under all conditions (Gil, 2001). The California laws on misuse detailing accommodate why announcing is vital, what ought to be accounted for, who should report, when revealing ought to be done and to whom it ought to be finished. The laws additionally give methods of distinguishing rates that should report and signs to pay special mind to realize when to report. There are rules to decide doubt of the different types of misuse, for example, physical maltreatment, sexual maltreatment, disregard and psychological mistreatment among others (Summit, 1983). Corresponding to my musings on secrecy and ensuring the privileges of others, I am of the assessment that it

Quality Management Five Components of Service Management

Quality Management Five Components of Service Management Administration the board is normally characterized as the point in a flexibly chain that associates deals and clients, however as of late the idea has transformed from a genuinely limited part of generally the executives and system to a wide administration direction that tends to all features of a venture, especially in administration businesses. Starting in the mid 1980’s, Christian Grã ¶nroos of the Hanken School of Economics in Finland began building up a â€Å"framework of values† for administration the board, a lot of standards which, if coordinating effectively into the company’s system and tasks, prompts great help conveyance. There are five sections to the system of qualities for administration the board: A general administration viewpoint This requires a move in the wide needs of the firm from an inside spotlight on process efficiencies, economies of scale, and cost the executives to an outer spotlight on customers’ points of view on center item quality and absolute firm execution. Grã ¶nroos’ whole postulation is that the old style logical administration passed on to us by any semblance of Adam Smith stresses division of work, which can and regularly results in isolated pieces of the endeavor working experiencing some miscommunication. The administration the executives viewpoint, by examination, builds up client support as the general objective all through the association so that regardless of whether the efficiencies of the divisionâ of work are utilized, they are essentially done as such with regards to their effect on the more extensive goal. From the start become flushed, this specific piece of the structure may seem like an unclear parenthood explanation, however it is really significant in light of the fact that it sets up the reason for different pieces of the system of qualities. Client or market-driven execution measures The enormous distinction between a ‘service management’ direction and the accepted procedures proposed by traditional logical administration is that exhibition estimation must have an outside point of view, as opposed to being founded on objectives identified with inner efficiencies. Notable execution the executives and arranging apparatuses, for example, CSFs KPIs still work very well from a help the board point of view, however just if the achievement elements and execution markers down to the degree of the individual worker are communicated regarding what each section or position in the association adds to client assistance. Generally, every job inside the association somehow or another turns into a client assistance position. You can likewise be keen on: The board or Leadership? Financial exchanges and Seasonal Effects in Them The board and Exchange Rates The board Essay Quality administration isn't isolated from ‘normal’ the executives capacities This piece of the structure is maybe increasingly relevant to assembling or other creation firms where an unmistakable quality control process is required, yet something else, the idea of incorporating quality control capacities into typical work process basically strengthens the point of view of the initial two pieces of the system. This part of the administration the board point of view is additionally maybe more recognizable than most; we see it by and by frequently through thoughts, for example, Total Quality Management.â The greatest change it requires from the association lies in operational arranging, since quality control capacities †where unmistakable methods are required †must be separated and easily fit into a brought together, generally process. Inward advancement of faculty This idea has gotten practically authoritative in HR managementâ and identifies with administration the board in two basic manners. In the first place, it is the essential methods by which client care points of view and objectives can be appropriately spread all through the whole association, and is a key connection in the administration benefit esteem chain (talked about in more prominent detail in another article). More significant levels of representative experience, ability, and fulfillment lead to more prominent productivity and worker unwaveringness, which emphatically influence administration quality in various manners. Second, it is for all intents and purposes difficult to viably actualize quality administration works as depicted above into an endeavor wide procedure without utilizing inside HR; the most ideal individuals for the activity in any association are the ones the association as of now has. Similarly likewise with quality administration, staff advancement requires the coordination of HRM capacities that are normally treated independently into standard procedures, in any event at the arranging level. Level authoritative structure The administration the executives system underscores cross-useful capacities, interior coordinated effort, and sidelong correspondence, and as a result,â tends to dishonor the adequacy of various leveled associations for accomplishing client support quality. This presents a noteworthy administration challenge in associations where the logical administration point of view of specialization and division of work is an unavoidable need, for example, in organizations where center capacities require profoundly talented laborers who have escalated particular preparing. Cross-practical preparing at a carrier, for instance, can just go so far;â it is absurd to consider putting ticket counterâ personnel behind the controls of a fly aircraft just â€Å"to discover what others’ work jobs are like†. Be that as it may, then again, there is little to forestall an exceptionally gifted aircraft pilot from putting in a couple of days behind the counter to encounter an alternate side of client support. A few reactions of the administration the executives structure of qualities One ramifications of the administration the executives point of view is that it enormously expands the intricacy of arranging and procedure in an association; huge numbers of the limits between various divisions or capacities vanish altogether, and everything activity from the degree of individual representatives upward should be reciprocal. This is the basic motivation behind why the system has never been displayed in any extraordinary arrangement; a compelling model would require thought of an extremely huge number of factors, and may be too cumbersome to ever be valuable. What's more, without a model, the system is simply one more subjective idea that doesn't provide a lot of guidance for reasonable application. Another explanation the structure has not gotten as much scholastic or useful consideration as it merits is fairly unreasonable; Professor Grã ¶nroos’ discipline is promoting, not the board, and in his different works, he will in general remain in his usual range of familiarity when looks for guides to show the focuses he is making. The executives researchers appear to have an inclination that consigns promoting to a specialty inside the wide domain of business considers, thus have perhaps neglected the more noteworthy utilization of the thoughts created by â€Å"a showcasing teacher.† Which, if nothing else, is a decent update for business understudies not as far as possible on their investigations of information †similarly as the structure of qualities recommends, one’s own viability can be significantly expanded by broadly educating. Peruse progressively about assistance the board: Grã ¶nroos, C. (1994). From Scientific Management to Service Management. Global Journal of Service Industry Management, 1(5).

Breakfast of Champions: Life With Others Essay -- Breakfast of Champio

Breakfast of Champions: Life With Othersâ â â â Â For any individual who has ever thought about what the importance of life is, it is to be the eyes and ears of the Creator of the Universe, on the off chance that one trusts Kurt Vonnegut's Breakfast of Champions (1973). In Breakfast of Champions the hero, Kilgore Trout, is a desolate sci-fi essayist who lives in a gap in the digs of New York City. His lone work distributed was to offer mass to books and magazines of prurient pictures ( 21). At last getting his break, Trout is welcome to the Midland City Arts Festival, home of Dwayne Hoover. Hoover, who is an affluent vehicle sales rep, claims a portion of essentially everything in Midland City. In any case, Hoover is near the very edge of craziness as of now and is feeling that one of the craftsmen at the celebration will assist him with finding the answer for his journey for satisfaction. Vonnegut utilizes characters from different ways of life to build up his demoralizing perspectives on mankind. Through silly composition, Vonnegut shows how love, connections, thoughts and even tattle can effectsly affect people and society. Once in a while people don't understand the impacts of words on others. In Breakfast of Champions, Dwayne Hoover results in these present circumstances acknowledgment the most difficult way possible. Previously having an awful day, Hoover runs into one of his representatives named Harry. Not very enamored with the way Harry dresses, feeling he is excessively tasteless, Hoover tends to him. Harry, why not get a lot of cotton squander from Vern Garr, absorb it Blue Suncoe* and consume your f-cking closet? (46). Later in the section, he scorns Harry's appearance once more. I have some news for you: present day science has given us a mess of awesome hues, with peculiar, energizing names like red!, orange!, green!, and pink!(48)... ...54). Hoover got up from the table to go on an eleven man beating frenzy which included: his child Bunny, special lady Francine and Kilgore Trout. It stirred up Trout to understand that even he could carry insidious into the world- - as impractical notions (15). Because of Hoover, Trout acknowledged how ground-breaking his words were, proceeded to win the Nobel Prize for medication. Trout and Hoover's deprecatory remarks and unthoughtful activities served to dishearten and crush individuals' lives around them. The ironical parody which the novel is seen by the peruser makes it entertaining, yet as the story unfurls it gets discouraging. There is a feeling of truth in Vonnegut's upsetting perspective on mankind. The street of life is set out for individuals to travel, being cautious about ones activities will make it less rough. Work Cited Vonnegut , Kurt. Breakfast of Champions. Dell Publishing Co. 1973

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use

How Harm Reduction Works in Substance Use Addiction Drug Use Print How Harm Reduction Works With Substance Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Sporrer/Rupp/Cultura/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Harm reduction is a proactive approach to reducing the damage done by alcohol, drugs, and other addictive behaviors, as well as addressing broader health and social issues, such as HIV transmission. The term harm reduction can be used to describe the philosophical beliefs that underlie strategies and programs, or it can be used to describe the strategies and programs on which it is based. Often, harm reduction strategies are used in conjunction with other approaches, which require abstinence. Does Harm Reduction Encourage Drug Use? A common misconception about harm reduction is that it condones or encourages drug use. Many advocates of harm reduction also support the goal of people working towards abstinence from alcohol, drugs, and addictive behaviors, but recognize that for many people, this process takes time. In the interim period, while the person is still drinking, using drugs, or engaging in other addictive behaviors, both they and the people around them are vulnerable to harm. Examples of harm reduction in action include the following. Drinking and Driving Laws While it is well known that even small amounts of alcohol can affect peoples ability to drive safely, driving and driving laws allow drivers to have a small amount of alcohol in their bloodstream. The focus is not on eliminating alcohol use from drivers completely but setting a limit over which the greatest risk of causing a serious accident is defined. Drinking and driving laws do not encourage drinking; they actually discourage it. But they accept the reality that many people will drink to some extent before driving, and that the overall harm to society is lessened by focusing attention on the worst offenders. The Dangers of Drinking and Driving Needle Exchange Services Injecting drugs such as heroin is illegal, yet harm reduction advocates for clean needles to be provided to drug users free of charge. This is because there is more harm caused to individual drug users, the health care system, and society as a whole if injection drug users pass HIV and hepatitis to each other through sharing needles. Needle exchange programs do not encourage drug use. In fact, they are usually the first point of contact for drug users to access addiction treatment services. These programs accept the fact that many people will inject drugs whether they have clean needles or not and prefer that they do not get ill and die as a result of infection. Safe Injection Facilities Safe injection sites go a step further than needle exchange services by providing a safe space in which people can inject drugs, clean needles and injection equipment, and supervision of the injection process by medical staff. In addition to the harm reduction goals of needle exchange services, i.e. reducing transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other infections and damage caused by unclean equipment being used for injecting, safe injection rooms offer a safe space and immediate help if an overdose occurs. Safe injection facilities do not encourage drug useâ€"they provide a connection between the most vulnerable drug users and treatment services, such as detox. And they save lives that would otherwise be lost to drugs. Free Condoms Sex can be an addictive behavior, and it can lead to unplanned pregnancy, but the main reason that free condoms are sometimes provided as a harm reduction service is to reduce the transmission of STDs, specifically HIV. Condom Programs Promote Safe Sex Free condoms are not distributed to encourage people to have sex. Programs that distribute them recognize that people have unprotected sex for many different reasons and that factors such as embarrassment and poverty may get in the way of purchasing condoms. By providing free condoms, these services help prevent a lot of illnesses and problems associated with unprotected sex. How Sex Can Become an Addiction

Enforcing Social Rights Term Paper - 825 Words

Enforcing Social Rights (Term Paper Sample) Content: Enforcing Social Rights Student NameInstitutionIntroductionThere is a general agreement by many authors and authoritarians that every individual is entitled to certain rights and privileges. Numerous treaties have also been ratified to stipulate ways and means of attaining and protecting the said social rights. However, individual social rights continue to be abused in many places in the world, both by fellow citizens and governments. This article makes use of arguments advanced in two publications to advance a discussion on the existence of rights, deprivation of social rights, impediments to the said rights, and effective ways of enforcing adherence to the various social rights provided for by international laws. Human rights continue to be abused in many parts of the world both by fellow citizens and governments mainly because of negligence by individuals and the failure of human rights groups to advocate for adherence to such rights. The publication alluded to are : Ensuring economical social rights by Judith Blau and Economic Social rights by Michael Haas. Blau and Haas agree that various social rights are provided for in writing by domestic as well as international laws. Blau, for example, mentions the international agreements and bodies established to enhance social rights such as the international Labor organization ILO. In addition, Haas also makes mention of various international treaties and organizations established with the sole purpose of enforcing adherence to economic and social rights. Like Blau, Haas also takes note of the ILO as the most significant body that was put in place to enforce adherence to basic social rights. Some of the rights mentioned by the two authors include the right to work, right to fair remuneration, and the right to a good standard of living. Additionally, Haas takes note of a number of other social rights, some of which include; the rights to share wealth and natural resources, the right to make laws tha t are fair to various parties, and the right to fair treatment among many others. Evidence on deprivation of human rights in various parts of the world is provided by the two publications. Blau, for example, mentions deprivation of the right to fair remuneration in the United States financial industry. Also, Haas mentions unemployment and unfair remuneration in developed nations as well as lack of shelter in third world countries, as examples of deprivation of social rights. However, Haas and Blau differ considerably on the implementation of social rights. Blau, makes use of statistical data to demonstrate that the United States lags far behind in adherence to social rights as compared to various industrialized nations. Haas condemns and applauds industrialized nations with equal measure. He does not show preference to any particular industrialized nations. Further on, Haas notes that third world countries have the least attainments owing to inadequacy of funds. with regard to socia l rights. A core argument advanced by the two authors is that rights cannot be enforced without mobilization and involvement of the citizens themselves. The authors agree that without the involvement of citizens, governments and people who are economically endowed will continue to deprive the poor of their rights. Blaus opening remarks states clearly that without the active involvement of people, those with economic ability will continue to determine how nations and the entire world are run. Similarly, Haas alludes to the fact that governments will continue to deprive citizens of their rights unless they make deliberate efforts to claim such rights. Blaus arguments make it clear that rights are not granted unless they are demanded by citizens. Haas goes further to provide real life examples that demonstrate ways of demanding adherence to human rights. Haas publication provides a case scenario in South Africa, where litigation was used to reverse a government decision to deny citize ns of their right to good health. Unity of purpose, community mobilization and vigilance are mentioned by both authors as important steps towards enhancing adherence to social rights. Blau advocates for strengthening of community organizations and human right groups as a means of ensuring that social rights are adhered to by various governments. Haas, on the other hand, advocates for litigation, mobilization and vigilance. Impediments to adhere... Enforcing Social Rights Term Paper - 825 Words Enforcing Social Rights (Term Paper Sample) Content: Enforcing Social Rights Student NameInstitutionIntroductionThere is a general agreement by many authors and authoritarians that every individual is entitled to certain rights and privileges. Numerous treaties have also been ratified to stipulate ways and means of attaining and protecting the said social rights. However, individual social rights continue to be abused in many places in the world, both by fellow citizens and governments. This article makes use of arguments advanced in two publications to advance a discussion on the existence of rights, deprivation of social rights, impediments to the said rights, and effective ways of enforcing adherence to the various social rights provided for by international laws. Human rights continue to be abused in many parts of the world both by fellow citizens and governments mainly because of negligence by individuals and the failure of human rights groups to advocate for adherence to such rights. The publication alluded to are : Ensuring economical social rights by Judith Blau and Economic Social rights by Michael Haas. Blau and Haas agree that various social rights are provided for in writing by domestic as well as international laws. Blau, for example, mentions the international agreements and bodies established to enhance social rights such as the international Labor organization ILO. In addition, Haas also makes mention of various international treaties and organizations established with the sole purpose of enforcing adherence to economic and social rights. Like Blau, Haas also takes note of the ILO as the most significant body that was put in place to enforce adherence to basic social rights. Some of the rights mentioned by the two authors include the right to work, right to fair remuneration, and the right to a good standard of living. Additionally, Haas takes note of a number of other social rights, some of which include; the rights to share wealth and natural resources, the right to make laws tha t are fair to various parties, and the right to fair treatment among many others. Evidence on deprivation of human rights in various parts of the world is provided by the two publications. Blau, for example, mentions deprivation of the right to fair remuneration in the United States financial industry. Also, Haas mentions unemployment and unfair remuneration in developed nations as well as lack of shelter in third world countries, as examples of deprivation of social rights. However, Haas and Blau differ considerably on the implementation of social rights. Blau, makes use of statistical data to demonstrate that the United States lags far behind in adherence to social rights as compared to various industrialized nations. Haas condemns and applauds industrialized nations with equal measure. He does not show preference to any particular industrialized nations. Further on, Haas notes that third world countries have the least attainments owing to inadequacy of funds. with regard to socia l rights. A core argument advanced by the two authors is that rights cannot be enforced without mobilization and involvement of the citizens themselves. The authors agree that without the involvement of citizens, governments and people who are economically endowed will continue to deprive the poor of their rights. Blaus opening remarks states clearly that without the active involvement of people, those with economic ability will continue to determine how nations and the entire world are run. Similarly, Haas alludes to the fact that governments will continue to deprive citizens of their rights unless they make deliberate efforts to claim such rights. Blaus arguments make it clear that rights are not granted unless they are demanded by citizens. Haas goes further to provide real life examples that demonstrate ways of demanding adherence to human rights. Haas publication provides a case scenario in South Africa, where litigation was used to reverse a government decision to deny citize ns of their right to good health. Unity of purpose, community mobilization and vigilance are mentioned by both authors as important steps towards enhancing adherence to social rights. Blau advocates for strengthening of community organizations and human right groups as a means of ensuring that social rights are adhered to by various governments. Haas, on the other hand, advocates for litigation, mobilization and vigilance. Impediments to adhere...

The Prewriting Stage of the Writing Process

The writing process consists of different stages: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting  is the most important of these steps. Prewriting is the generating ideas part of the writing process when the student works to determine the topic and the position or point-of-view for a target audience. Pre-writing should be offered with the time necessary for a student to create a plan or develop an outline to organize materials for the final product. The pre-writing stage could also be dubbed the talking stage of writing. Researchers have determined that talking plays an important role in literacy. Andrew Wilkinson (1965) coined the phrase oracy, defining it as the ability to express oneself coherently and to communicate freely with others by word of mouth. Wilkinson explained how oracy leads to increased skill in reading and writing. In other words, talking about a topic will improve the writing. This connection between talk and writing is best expressed by the author James Britton (1970) who stated: talk is the sea upon which all else floats.† Prewriting Methods There are a number of ways that students can tackle the prewriting stage of the writing process. Following are a few of the most common methods and strategies that students can use.   Brainstorming - Brainstorming is the process of coming up with as many ideas as possible about a topic without being worried about the feasibility or whether an idea is realistic or not.  A list format is often the easiest to organize. This can be done individually and then shared with the class or done as a group. Access to this list during the writing process can help students make connections they may want to use later in their writing.Freewriting - The free write strategy is when your students write whatever comes into their mind about the topic at hand  for a specific amount of time, like 10 or 15  minutes. In a free write, students should not worry about grammar, punctuation, or spelling. Instead, they should try and come up with as many ideas as they possibly can to help them when they get to the writing process.  Mind Maps - Concept maps or mind-mapping are great strategies to use during the pre-writing stage. Both are visual ways to outline information. There are man y varieties of mind maps that can be quite useful as students work in the prewriting stage. Webbing is a great tool that has students write a word in the middle of a sheet of paper. Related words or phrases are then connected by lines to this original word in the center. They build on the idea so that, in the end, the student has a wealth of ideas that are connected to this central idea. For example, if the topic for a paper were the role of the US President, the student would write this in the center of the paper. Then as they thought of each role that the president fulfills, they could write this down in a circle connected by a line to this original idea. From these terms, the student could then add supporting details. In the end, they would have a nice roadmap for an essay on this topic.  Drawing/Doodling - Some students respond well to the idea of being able to combine words with drawings as they think about what they want to write in the prewriting stage. This can open up cre ative lines of thought.  Asking Questions - Students often  come up with more creative ideas through the use of questioning. For example, if the student has to write about Heathcliffs role in Wuthering Heights, they might begin by asking themselves some questions about him and  the causes of his hatred. They might  ask how a normal person might react to better understand the depths of Heathcliffs malevolence. The point is that these questions can help the student uncover a deeper understanding of the topic before they begin writing the essay.Outlining - Students can employ traditional outlines to help them organize their thoughts in a logical manner. The student would start with the overall topic and then list out their ideas with supporting details. It is helpful to point out to students that the more detailed their outline is from the beginning, the easier it will be for them write their paper.   Teachers should recognize that prewriting that begins in a sea of talk will engage students. Many students will find that combining a couple of these strategies may work well to provide them with a great basis for their final product. They may find that if they ask questions as they brainstorm, free write, mind-map, or doodle, they will organize their ideas for the topic. In short, the time put in up front in the pre-writing stage will make the writing stage much easier.